Tag: Philosophy

Sometimes Vague Language is Better

Sometimes vague language is better because it expresses the truth that things are unclear or unsettled. This is why poets will often use metaphors and contradictory language; it is a meaningful inarticulateness. Vague language is the appropriate vessel for speaking from a position of uncertainty.

If you value what’s fun, what’s interesting, what’s curious, what’s creative—those concepts have imprecise edges. Applying these terms always involves dealing with fuzz and unclarity. But you should feel uncertain when you’re in unknown territory. Fuzzy values are appropriate when you don’t yet know everything about what’s important. They encourage exploration, because they don’t have sharp edges. Fuzzy values build in an open-minded attitude.

The Score: How to Stop Playing Somebody Else’s Game
C. Thi Nguyen

Intuition and Intellect – Ingmar Bergman Quote

Intuition, says Ingmar Bergman, is the essence of creativity and the foundation of his unparalleled success as a film maker.

”I make all my decisions on intuition,” said the 62-year-old Swedish director. ”But then, I must know why I made that decision. I throw a spear into the darkness. That is intuition. Then I must send an army into the darkness to find the spear. That is intellect.”

In a rare public appearance, Mr. Bergman spoke today of success and failure, creativity and laziness to drama students at Southern Methodist University. A Lazy Man at Heart

”I’m very, very lazy,” conceded Mr. Bergman. ”I love to sit in a chair and look out the window and do nothing. Writing is boring, very boring, and it takes so much patience.”

”You feel that this is going to be the best scene ever made and you want to protect it from others,” he added. But the magic dissipates and is replaced by tedium when it comes time to write, a task Mr. Bergman clearly disdains despite his success at it.

May 8, 1981

https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/08/movies/ingmar-bergman-confides-in-students.html

Eternity is the Eve of Something – Chesterton Quote

To sum up the whole matter very simply, if Mr. McCabe asks me why I import frivolity into a discussion of the nature of man, I answer, because frivolity is a part of the nature of man. If he asks me why I introduce what he calls paradoxes into a philosophical problem, I answer, because all philosophical problems tend to become paradoxical. If he objects to my treating of life riotously, I reply that life is a riot. And I say that the Universe as I see it, at any rate, is very much more like the fireworks at the Crystal Palace than it is like his own philosophy. About the whole cosmos there is a tense and secret festivity—like preparations for Guy Fawkes’ day. Eternity is the eve of something. I never look up at the stars without feeling that they are the fires of a schoolboy’s rocket, fixed in their everlasting fall.

Heretics
Gilbert K Chesterton

Restaurant Manager as Revelation

His favorite was the manageress of the restaurant, a handsome blonde with a very sweet motherly smile, about thirty years old. Bergmann approved of her highly. “I have only to look at her,” he told me,” to know that she is satisfied. Deeply satisfied. Some man has made her happy. For her, there is no longer any search. She has found what we are all looking for. She understands all of us. She does not need books, or theories, or philosophy, or priests. She understands Michelangelo, Beethoven, Christ, Lenin—even Hitler. And she is afraid of nothing, nothing.… Such a woman is my religion.”

The manageress would always have a special smile for Bergmann when we came in; and, during the meal, she would walk over to our table and ask if everything was all right. “Everything is all right, my darling,” Bergmann would reply; “thanks to God, but chiefly to you. You restore our confidence in ourselves.”

I don’t know exactly what the manageress made of this, but she smiled, in an amused, kindly way. She really was very nice. “You see?” Bergmann would turn to me, after she had gone. “We understand each other perfectly.”

Prater Violet: A Novel
Christopher Isherwood

Best Books I Read in 2025 that Weren’t Published in 2025

Selections mine. Comments via Amazon. In order of publication date.

The Night of the Gun
David Carr
Publication Date: August 5, 2008

Amazon Best of the Month, August 2008: In his fabulously entertaining The Kid Stays in the Picture, legendary Hollywood producer Robert Evans wrote: “There are three sides to every story: yours, mine, and the truth.” David Carr’s riveting debut memoir, The Night of the Gun, takes this theory to the extreme, as the New York Times reporter embarks on a three-year fact-finding mission to revisit his harrowing past as a drug addict and discovers that the search for answers can reveal many versions of the truth. Carr acknowledges that you can’t write a my-life-as-an-addict story without the recent memoir scandals of James Frey and others weighing you down, but he regains the reader’s trust by relying on his reporting skills to conduct dozens of often uncomfortable interviews with old party buddies, cops, and ex-girlfriends and follow an endless paper trail of legal and medical records, mug shots, and rejection letters. The kaleidoscopic narrative follows Carr through failed relationships and botched jobs, in and out of rehab and all manner of unsavory places in between, with cameos from the likes of Tom Arnold, Jayson Blair, and Barbara Bush. Admittedly, it’s hard to love David Carr–sometimes you barely like the guy. How can you feel sympathy for a man who was smoking crack with his pregnant girlfriend when her water broke? But plenty of dark humor rushes through the book, and knowing that this troubled man will make it–will survive addiction, fight cancer, raise his twin girls–makes you want to stick around for the full 400-page journey. –Brad Thomas Parsons

Planet Funny
Ken Jennings
Publication Date: May 29, 2018

In his “smartly structured, soundly argued, and yes—pretty darn funny” (Booklist, starred review) Planet Funny, Ken Jennings explores this brave new comedic world and what it means—or doesn’t—to be funny in it now. Tracing the evolution of humor from the caveman days to the bawdy middle-class antics of Chaucer to Monty Python’s game-changing silliness to the fast-paced meta-humor of The Simpsons, Jennings explains how we built our humor-saturated modern age, where lots of us get our news from comedy shows and a comic figure can even be elected President of the United States purely on showmanship. “Fascinating, entertaining and—I’m being dead serious here—important” (A.J. Jacobs, author of The Year of Living Biblically), Planet Funny is a full taxonomy of what spawned and defines the modern sense of humor.

The Art of Logic in an Illogical World
Eugenia Cheng
Publication Date: September 11, 2018

In a world where fake news stories change election outcomes, has rationality become futile? In The Art of Logic in an Illogical World, Eugenia Cheng throws a lifeline to readers drowning in the illogic of contemporary life. Cheng is a mathematician, so she knows how to make an airtight argument. But even for her, logic sometimes falls prey to emotion, which is why she still fears flying and eats more cookies than she should. If a mathematician can’t be logical, what are we to do? In this book, Cheng reveals the inner workings and limitations of logic, and explains why alogic — for example, emotion — is vital to how we think and communicate. Cheng shows us how to use logic and alogic together to navigate a world awash in bigotry, mansplaining, and manipulative memes. Insightful, useful, and funny, this essential book is for anyone who wants to think more clearly.

The History of Bones
John Lurie
Publication Date: August 17, 2021

In the tornado that was downtown New York in the 1980s, John Lurie stood at the vortex. After founding the band The Lounge Lizards with his brother, Evan, in 1979, Lurie quickly became a centrifugal figure in the world of outsider artists, cutting-edge filmmakers, and cultural rebels. Now Lurie vibrantly brings to life the whole wash of 1980s New York as he developed his artistic soul over the course of the decade and came into orbit with all the prominent artists of that time and place, including Andy Warhol, Debbie Harry, Boris Policeband, and, especially, Jean-Michel Basquiat, the enigmatic prodigy who spent a year sleeping on the floor of Lurie’s East Third Street apartment.

Historians Point of View – David Blight Quote

I also like this little passage, to just put into your craw, about any History course, about any interpretation. And of course I’m going to have a point of view at times in this course; all historians do. Don’t even listen to a historian if he or she doesn’t have a point of view. None of us are blank slates. None of us can just tell it like it was–“stop interpreting, please.” But I always try to remember William James’ passage in one of his Pragmatism essays, an essay I think that should be required for U.S. citizenship. If I ruled the world you’d have to read this for U.S. citizenship. In it, James says, “The greatest enemy of any one of my truths is the rest of my truths.” It’s as though James is saying, “damn, every time I think I really know something–that’s the truth–along comes some other possible truth and it screws it up.” Why can’t history just be settled? Enough already. If it was, it wouldn’t be any fun; if it was it wouldn’t be interesting; if it was it wouldn’t be good for business either.

HIST 119
The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877: Lecture 1 Transcript
Professor David Blight

Why people talk when they’re not really talking about the thing they’re talking about. – ChatGPT on Chekhov

Uncle Vanya is one of the richest texts for understanding why people talk when they’re not really talking about the thing they’re talking about. Chekhov’s characters speak to avoid truth, ease loneliness, signal desire, maintain roles, fill silence, or relieve ache, far more than they speak to convey facts.

THE PATTERN IN UNCLE VANYA
Every major character uses talk not to convey information, but to perform one of a few deep needs:
Astrov: talks to avoid despair → identity performance
Yelena: talks to hide desire → polite deflection
Sonya: talks to console → emotional caretaking
Vanya: talks to be acknowledged → validation-seeking
Serebryakov: talks to maintain status → ego protection
Marina: talks to comfort → stable background warmth

Chekhov’s genius is that the real story always happens beneath the dialogue, in the gaps, in the evasions, in what’s being unspoken. The talk is camouflage, coping, performance — everything except direct communication.

Below is a structured breakdown, focusing on several key scenes with close paraphrases and line-level function analysis (no direct copyrighted text).

1. ASTROV’S FOREST SPEECHES — “Talking to Perform Identity / Avoid Pain”
Context: Astrov goes on long monologues about the forests, conservation, maps, logging, the future of the region. His speeches recur in Acts I and II.

Paraphrased moment: Astrov unfurls a map and launches into an impassioned lecture about deforestation. He points out patches of green, lists the acreage lost, describes the peasant’s short-sightedness. No one asked for this level of detail.

What’s really going on beneath the words:
Self-soothing: He’s talking to stabilize himself, to escape his emotional drought and existential exhaustion.
Identity armor: He wants to be the idealist doctor who cares about something enduring.
Avoidance: Talking about forests is easier than talking about burnout, alcoholism, or loneliness.
A bid for admiration: Especially in front of Yelena, his speeches are a way of saying: See me. I’m noble, thoughtful, worthy.
Deflection: By talking about trees, he avoids talking about human suffering—his own included.
Function of the speech: Not information, but existential distraction + self-mythologizing.

Constantly Wrong and Out of Your Depth – Psychology of Programming

“The thing that gets lost, and which I think is important to know, is that programming is never easy,” he says. “You’re never doing the same thing twice, because code is infinitely reproducible, so if you’ve already solved a problem and you encounter it again, you just use your old solution. This means that by definition you’re kind of always on this frontier where you’re out of your depth. And one of the things you have to learn is to accept that feeling—of being constantly wrong and not knowing.”

Which sounds like it could be a Buddhist precept. I’m thunderstruck.

“Well, constantly being wrong and out of your depth is not something people are used to accepting. But programmers have to,” he concludes.

Devil in the Stack: Searching for the Soul of the New Machine
Andrew Smith

Goethe on the Regularities of Life, Being in Tune With, Saul Bellow Reference

It is a narcotic dullness. There are times when I am not even aware that there is anything wrong with this existence. But, on the other hand, there are times when I rouse myself in bewilderment and vexation, and then I think of myself as a moral casualty of the war. I have changed. Two incidents in the past week have shown me how greatly. The first can hardly be called an incident. I was leafing through Goethe’s Poetry and Life and I came upon the following phrase: “This loathing of life has both physical and moral causes. . . .” I was sufficiently stirred by this to read on. “All comfort in life is based upon a regular occurrence of external phenomena. The changes of the day and night, of the seasons, of flowers and fruits, and all other recurring pleasures that come to us, that we may and should enjoy them—these are the mainsprings of our earthly life. The more open we are to these enjoyments, the happier we are; but if these changing phenomena unfold themselves and we take no interest in them, if we are insensible to such fair solicitations, then comes on the sorest evil, the heaviest disease—we regard life as a loathsome burden. It is said of an Englishman that he hanged himself that he might no longer have to dress and undress himself every day.” I read on and on with unacccustomed feeling.

Dangling Man
Saul Bellow

Note – copy I’m reading, above.
From Myopic Books, in Chicago.
One of Atlas Obscura’s:
162 Cool, Hidden, and Unusual Things to Do in Chicago, Illinois
 Thereʼs more than wind in the metropolis of the Midwest. Fascinating foods, marvelous museums, and an actual 1957 Cadillac De Ville encased in 15 cubic yards of concrete. This place has everything.

Different Attitudes at Different Times of Day

There are two ways to look at life.

Actually, that’s not accurate; I suppose there are thousands of ways to look at life. But I tend to dwell on two of them. The first view is that nothing stays the same and that nothing is inherently connected, and that the only driving force in anyone’s life is entropy. The second is that everything pretty much stays the same (more or less) and that everything is completely connected, even if we don’t realize it.

There are many mornings when I feel certain that the first perspective is irrefutably true: I wake up, I feel the inescapable oppression of the sunlight pouring through my bedroom window, and I am struck by the fact that I am alone. And that everyone is alone. And that everything I understood seven hours ago has already changed, and that I have to learn everything again.

I guess I am not a morning person.

However, that feeling always passes. In fact, it’s usually completely gone before lunch. Every new minute of every new day seems to vaguely improve. And I suspect that’s because the alternative view – that everything is ultimately like something else and that nothing and no one is autonomous—is probably the greater truth. The math does check out; the numbers do add up. The connections might not be hard-wired into the superstructure to the universe, but it feels like they are whenever I put money into a jukebox and everybody in the bar suddenly seems to be having the same conversation. And in that last moment before I fall asleep each night, I understand Everything. The world is one interlocked machine, throbbing and pulsing as a flawless organism.

Sex, Drugs, and Cocoa Puffs: A Low Culture Manifesto
Chuck Klosterman

Definitions vs Usage – Wittgenstein, Google Gemini on.

What did Wittgenstein say about word definitions vs usage?

Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, primarily in his work Philosophical Investigations, fundamentally shifted the emphasis from definition to usage when considering the meaning of words.

He strongly argued against the traditional view—which he called the “Augustinian picture”—that every word has a fixed, corresponding object or mental idea that constitutes its meaning (a kind of static definition).

Instead, he proposed the famous maxim:

“For a large class of cases—though not for all—in which we employ the word ‘meaning,’ it can be defined thus: the meaning of a word is its use in the language.” (Philosophical Investigations, §43)

Here are the key points of his contrast between definition and usage:

1. Meaning is Use

  • Words as Tools: Wittgenstein compared words not to labels for objects, but to tools in a toolbox (hammer, pliers, saw, etc.). Just as the function of a hammer is defined by how it is used, the meaning of a word is defined by the ways it is used in practice in the shared activities of a linguistic community.
  • Context Dependence: The meaning of a word is not an abstract essence, but emerges from the context of its application. For example, the word “Water!” can be a request, a warning, or an answer, depending on the situation. The single, static definition is insufficient; the multiple ways the word is used are what determine its meaning.

2. The Critique of Definition

  • “Family Resemblances”: Wittgenstein challenged the idea that a single, essential definition could capture the meaning of many words. He famously used the example of the word “game.” When you try to define what is common to board games, card games, ball games, and Olympic games, you find no single feature shared by all. Instead, there are only “a complicated network of similarities overlapping and criss-crossing,” which he called family resemblances.
  • Usage is Prior: For an external definition to be understood (even an ostensive definition like pointing and naming), you must already understand how the word is to be used. If someone points to a red object and says “red,” how do you know if they are naming its color, its shape, or the object itself? The prior understanding of the rules of use (the “language-game”) is what gives the definition its power.

In summary, for Wittgenstein, usage is the primary source and criterion of a word’s meaning. Trying to find a single, fixed definition is often a futile search for an essence that does not exist and leads to philosophical confusion, whereas observing the word’s actual function in a “language-game” reveals its true meaning.

For a deeper dive into the concept, check out Wittgenstein on Language and Reality: The Philosophy on Constructing Meaning.

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2, Verse 47 – With Commentary

BG 2.47: You have a right to perform your prescribed duties, but you are not entitled to the fruits of your actions. Never consider yourself to be the cause of the results of your activities, nor be attached to inaction.

This is an extremely popular verse of the Bhagavad Gita, so much so that even most school children in India are familiar with it. It offers deep insight into the proper spirit of work and is often quoted whenever the topic of karm yog is discussed. The verse gives four instructions regarding the science of work: 1) Do your duty, but do not concern yourself with the results. 2) The fruits of your actions are not for your enjoyment. 3) Even while working, give up the pride of doership. 4) Do not be attached to inaction.

Do your duty, but do not concern yourself with the results. We have the right to do our duty, but the results are not dependent only upon our efforts. A number of factors come into play in determining the results—our efforts, destiny (our past karmas), the will of God, the efforts of others, the cumulative karmas of the people involved, the place and situation (a matter of luck), etc. Now if we become anxious for results, we will experience anxiety whenever they are not according to our expectations. So Shree Krishna advises Arjun to give up concern for the results and instead focus solely on doing a good job. The fact is that when we are unconcerned about the results, we are able to focus entirely on our efforts, and the result is even better than before.

https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/2/verse/47/

Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares

Google AI Overview:

Hebrews 13:2 encourages believers to practice hospitality, specifically by showing kindness and generosity to strangers. The verse suggests that by doing so, some have unknowingly entertained angels. This emphasizes the importance of extending love and care to those in need, as it may have unexpected and significant spiritual consequences.

The Accumulated Self – Therapy and Meditation, Two Approaches Towards

You had a line I thought was interesting where you said:

Traditional therapy unpacks in order to make sense. Meditation asks us to stop making sense so that we can find where happiness truly abides. Therapy examines the accumulated self, the only one that is shaped by all the defenses we’ve used to get through life.

Meditation asks us to divest ourselves of those very defenses.

Tell me a bit about that tension. You’re setting them up as almost, not quite opposite ways of knowing, but one mode is very cerebral and takes the stories very seriously, and the other mode is, in some ways, trying to get you to loosen your grip and be very skeptical of the stories your mind tells.

Yes. I was trying to channel David Byrne there with “stop making sense.”

Taking the story — one’s own personal story — seriously is superimportant. And there’s a real tendency among people who don’t have a psychotherapeutic interest but are coming strictly from the meditative point of view to diminish the importance of everything we’ve learned from a hundred years of psychotherapy: Early childhood experience, emotional pain, even traumatic events — those are all just phenomena to be observed. Don’t make too big a deal.

I think that’s a mistake. I think we need to take ourselves seriously and understand ourselves as best we can, and then begin to loosen the attachments that we all have to the various events that have formed us.

From the spiritual side, freedom from identity is the goal. And we can see what happens in the world when people are unable to free themselves from their identity. It’s a big cause of conflict and pain. But those identities are superimportant to be able to make sense of, too. So that’s one of the ways that I see these two worlds really helping each other.

Why Does My Mind Keep Thinking That?
The Ezra Klein Show
Interview with Mark Epstein
Epstein is a Buddhist and a psychotherapist. His first book, published in 1995, was called “Thoughts Without a Thinker.” His 2022 book is “The Zen of Therapy.”

Now a lot of people go to therapy. The fact that today it might have all these dimensions of mindfulness and awareness in it would seem normal and natural. But some people built that bridge, and Epstein was one of them.